How does fluoridation make tooth enamel more resistant to decay?

Fluoridation helps make tooth enamel more resistant to decay through two primary mechanisms involving the chemical interaction of fluoride with teeth:

• Remineralization: At the surface of the tooth, fluoride facilitates the attachment of calcium and phosphate ions. This process promotes the formation of fluorapatite crystals, which effectively remineralizes and strengthens the enamel.1
• Bacterial Inhibition: Fluoride present in saliva helps reduce the growth and adhesion of bacteria that contribute to tooth decay. It achieves this by blocking the activity of specific enzymes, which decreases the production of acid that would otherwise erode the enamel.1

By strengthening the enamel structure and reducing the acidic environment created by bacteria, fluoride plays a critical role in preventing caries.123