How does filtration help remove particles from air in clean rooms?

In clean rooms, filtration is essential for maintaining a dust-free environment by ensuring a continuous influx of purified air. This process typically utilizes high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) systems.1

Unlike standard sieves that rely on size exclusion, HEPA filters consist of a pleated sheet of randomly arranged fiberglass fibers. A motorized fan forces air through this medium, where particles are removed through the following mechanisms:2

• Adhesion and Embedding: Particles become trapped when they adhere to the fibers or become embedded within the filter matrix.2
• Molecular Collisions: The smallest particles collide with gas molecules, which slows their passage through the filter and significantly increases the probability that they will be captured by the fibers.2

To ensure comprehensive contamination control, these systems are often paired with other technologies, such as ultraviolet light to neutralize biological contaminants or activated carbon to adsorb volatile chemical molecules. Additionally, clean room protocols often include air showers and airlocks to further minimize the introduction of particulates into the workspace.21