How does diffuse reflection allow illuminated rough surfaces to be seen from many directions?

Diffuse reflection occurs when light strikes a surface that is rough or irregular at the microscopic level. Unlike regular reflection, which occurs at smooth, plane boundaries and follows a strict law where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, diffuse reflection scatters the incoming light in many different directions.1

Because the surface is irregular, the individual points of the surface are oriented at varying angles relative to the incoming light. Consequently, the reflected rays are dispersed across a wide range of angles rather than being reflected as a single, coherent beam. This scattering process allows an observer to see the illuminated surface from many different vantage points, as light is redirected toward them regardless of the specific angle of the light source.1