How does biological morphology differ from physiology?

In biology, morphology and physiology are distinct but deeply interconnected fields of study.

• Morphology focuses on the size, shape, and structure of organisms, including the arrangement of their constituent parts. It examines biological form across a vast range of scales, from macroscopic features like limbs and organs to the microscopic complexity of cells and molecules.1
• Physiology is concerned with the functions of living organisms and their parts. It investigates the mechanisms, processes, and activities that allow organisms to live, often utilizing experimental methods derived from the physical and chemical sciences.123

While these fields are often separated for convenience in research and education, they are fundamentally linked; a system's ability to function is dependent upon its specific structural arrangement. For example, the proper secretion of hormones or the conduction of nervous impulses relies on the precise structural relationship of subcellular elements. Because structure and function are so closely interrelated, the distinction between the two is considered somewhat artificial.41