How does beta-carotene from plants become vitamin A in the body?

Beta-carotene, a pigment found in many plants, serves as a vital source of vitamin A for the human body. While vitamin A itself is not present in plants, beta-carotene acts as a provitamin that is converted into the active vitamin within the body.12

This conversion process is carried out by specialized cells located in the small intestine. Once converted, the resulting vitamin A is essential for various biological functions, including vision, immune system health, and the maintenance of epithelial tissues.32

It is important to note that the body does not always convert all consumed beta-carotene into vitamin A. If high levels of the pigment are ingested, the excess can circulate in the bloodstream. While beta-carotene is not toxic, sustained high levels can lead to carotenemia, a harmless condition where the skin takes on a yellowish or orange hue.23