How does astrophysics use physics and chemistry to study celestial objects?

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that applies the principles of physics and chemistry to understand the nature of celestial objects and the physical processes governing their formation, evolution, and emission of radiation.1

The Role of Physics

Physics provides the fundamental framework for understanding how celestial bodies function. Celestial mechanics uses Newton’s laws of motion to describe the movement of objects in the solar system. Theories of stellar structure and evolution rely on atomic physics and general relativity, which help explain phenomena such as black holes and the energy generation of stars.23

The Role of Chemistry

Chemistry is essential for determining the composition of celestial bodies. Through spectroscopy, scientists analyze the light emitted or absorbed by stars and gas clouds to identify specific elements. This process reveals the chemical makeup of these objects and helps track stellar evolution, as the fusion of hydrogen into helium and heavier elements fundamentally alters a star's composition over time.435