How does articular cartilage protect the ends of bones in a synovial joint?

Articular cartilage, a type of hyaline cartilage, protects the ends of bones in a synovial joint primarily through its physical properties of deformability and elasticity.12

By covering the articulating surfaces of bones, this cartilage acts as a resilient buffer that absorbs compressive shock during movement. Its elastic nature allows it to recover its shape quickly after the deforming stress of joint activity is removed. Furthermore, the deformability of articular cartilage helps reduce incongruence between the mating surfaces of the bones, allowing them to fit together more effectively during motion.12

Because articular cartilage is avascular and lacks nerves, it relies on synovial fluid for nourishment, which is distributed across the cartilage surface through the natural movements of the joint. This system ensures the cartilage remains healthy and functional, providing a smooth, protective interface that minimizes friction and wear on the underlying bone.132