How does a total lunar eclipse differ from a partial lunar eclipse?

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the shadow cast by the Earth. The distinction between a total and a partial lunar eclipse depends on the Moon's position relative to the umbra, which is the darkest, central part of Earth's shadow where direct sunlight is completely blocked.12

• Total Lunar Eclipse: This occurs when the entire disk of the Moon is completely immersed within the umbra. During this phase, the Moon is not usually pitch black; instead, it often appears as a reddish brown or coppery color because some sunlight is refracted through Earth's atmosphere into the shadow cone.321
• Partial Lunar Eclipse: This occurs when only a portion of the Moon passes through the umbra. In this state, the part of the Moon within the umbra appears darkened, while the remainder of the lunar surface remains outside the central shadow.421

Before and after entering the umbra, the Moon passes through the penumbra, or partial shadow, where the dimming is so slight it is often difficult to notice.12