How does a taxis differ from a kinesis in animal behavior?

In the study of locomotion and stereotyped responses, the primary difference between kinesis and taxis lies in the animal's orientation relative to a stimulus.

Kinesis

In a kinesis response, an animal does not orient its body toward or away from a specific stimulus. Instead, the stimulus triggers a change in the animal's speed or frequency of turning. For example, wood lice may increase their movement speed in dry conditions to find a more suitable, humid environment, but they do not move directly toward the moisture source.1

Taxis

In a taxis, an animal exhibits directional control by orienting its body in a specific spatial relationship to a stimulus. The animal moves either toward (positive) or away from (negative) the source of the stimulus, such as light (phototaxis) or chemicals (chemotaxis). This movement can be controlled through open-system responses, where each reaction is independent, or closed-system responses, which utilize feedback to continuously adjust the animal's path toward a target.1