How does a hydrolyzer split natural fats into fatty acids and glycerin?

A hydrolyzer splits natural fats into fatty acids and glycerin through a continuous process that utilizes high temperature and pressure.1

In this industrial method, molten fat and water are introduced into opposite ends of a vertical column, which is typically 50 feet (15 meters) or more in height. The reaction occurs in the presence of a catalyst, such as zinc soap, which facilitates the hydrolysis of the fats. As the fat and water interact under these conditions, the fat is broken down, and the resulting fatty acids and glycerin are simultaneously withdrawn from the column.12

This continuous process is significantly faster than traditional boiling methods, often requiring only a few hours to complete. Once separated, the fatty acids are typically distilled under vacuum for purification before being neutralized with an alkali solution to produce soap.1