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How does a generator use electromagnetic induction to produce electricity?

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An electric generator functions by converting mechanical energy into electricity through the principle of electromagnetic induction. This process is governed by Faraday’s law of induction, which states that a changing magnetic flux through a circuit induces an electromotive force (voltage) in that circuit.123

In a typical generator, a mechanical prime mover—such as a turbine—rotates a shaft connected to a rotor. The rotor contains conductors or coils that produce a magnetic field. As the rotor spins, this magnetic field rotates relative to the stator (the stationary part of the generator), creating a changing magnetic flux that cuts across the stator's coils. This variation in flux induces a voltage in the stator windings, thereby producing an electric current.4521

The direction of this induced current is determined by Lenz’s law, which dictates that the current flows in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it, ensuring the conservation of energy.627