How does a changing electric field create a magnetic field?

In the 19th century, the physicist James Clerk Maxwell predicted that a changing electric field generates an associated magnetic field, even in the absence of a conduction current.12

Maxwell accounted for this phenomenon by introducing the concept of displacement current, which is proportional to the rate of change of the electric field. This theoretical addition allowed for the continuity of magnetic effects in situations where no actual electric charge flows, such as between the plates of a capacitor during charging or discharging.13

This relationship is a fundamental component of the Ampère-Maxwell law, one of the four Maxwell equations that define electromagnetism. Because a time-varying electric field produces a magnetic field and vice versa, these fields can propagate through space as electromagnetic radiation, such as light and radio waves, entirely detached from conductors.3145