How does a caloric test compare the balance organs in the right and left ears?

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In the field of audiology, the caloric test is a diagnostic procedure used to compare the sensitivity of the vestibular system in the right and left ears.1

During the test, the external ear canal is irrigated with either hot or cold water. This temperature change stimulates the inner ear, which typically induces nystagmus—a specific pattern of oscillatory eye movement. By observing and measuring these eye movements, clinicians can determine if both vestibular organs are functioning symmetrically or if there is a deficit in one side compared to the other. This assessment is vital for identifying issues related to balance and motion perception, which can otherwise lead to symptoms like vertigo.1