How does a Porro prism change the image in binoculars?

In optics, a Porro prism is an essential component used in binoculars to correct the orientation of the image.31

Because the lenses in binoculars naturally produce an inverted and reversed image, the Porro prism system—typically consisting of two isosceles right-angled prisms—is employed to rectify this. The device functions through a series of four internal reflections: two reflections reverse the beam direction in the vertical plane, and two reflections reverse it in the horizontal plane.231

By performing these reflections, the Porro prism effectively inverts and reverses the image, ensuring that the viewer sees a correctly oriented, upright view. Additionally, this configuration allows for a more compact physical length for the optical instrument.23