How do venomous animals introduce poisons into the body through bites and stings?

Venomous animals introduce toxins into the body through a specialized venom apparatus that utilizes a mechanical device to penetrate the skin or flesh of a victim. These systems are connected to specialized glands that produce and store the toxic secretions.12

The specific delivery mechanisms vary by species:

• Fangs: Snakes and spiders use fangs to inject venom directly into their prey or predators.1
• Stings: Many insects, such as bees, wasps, and ants, as well as scorpions, employ stings to deliver their toxins.12
• Spines: Certain fishes, including stingrays and scorpionfish, use venomous spines to pierce the skin.12
• Specialized Structures: Some animals possess unique adaptations, such as the platypus, which uses a fanglike ankle spur, or cnidarians (like jellyfish), which use nematocysts—capsules containing barbed, hollow threads that turn outward to inject toxins upon contact.3

These parenteral poisons are distinct from "poisonous" animals, which typically deliver toxins only when ingested.23