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How do the crystal structures of titanium change as temperature rises?

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Diagram of a zinc-lead blast furnace system showing ore and coke entering through charge hoppers, with labeled furnace, air preheater, blower, taphole for slag and lead bullion, and a connected lead-splash condenser using rotors to separate and cool lead and zinc, with pathways for molten metals and off-gas. — metallurgy A zinc-lead blast furnace and lead-splash condenser. This technology is utilized mainly for producing zinc while managing both lead and zinc from raw materials, a technique that was highly influential in 20th-century smelting.

In the solid state, pure titanium exhibits allotropic behavior, meaning its crystal structure changes based on temperature.1

Alpha ( $α$ ) phase: Below 883 °C (1,621 °F), titanium atoms align in a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystalline structure.231
Beta ( $β$ ) phase: Upon heating above 883 °C, the structure transforms into a body-centered cubic (bcc) arrangement, which persists up to the metal's melting point.231

In the context of titanium alloys, the temperature at which this transformation occurs can be significantly altered by the addition of alloying elements. Elements such as aluminum and oxygen act as alpha-stabilizers, while elements like vanadium, iron, and molybdenum act as beta-stabilizers. The specific temperature at which a 100-percent beta phase is achieved is known as the beta transus, which can range from 700 °C to 1,050 °C depending on the alloy's composition.2