How do sensory impairments such as color blindness reduce information about the environment?

Sensory impairments such as colour blindness reduce the amount of environmental information an individual can perceive by limiting the range of wavelengths of light they can distinguish.12

In normal human vision, three types of cones—specialized light-sensitive cells in the retina—function together to perceive the full spectrum of colours. When one or more of these cone types are absent or nonfunctional, the individual experiences a reduction in sensory information. For example, in dichromacy, only two cone types function, which typically results in an inability to distinguish between specific hues, such as red and green. In cases of monochromacy, the lack of functional cone photopigments can lead to a complete loss of colour sensation and may be accompanied by reduced visual acuity.13

By restricting the ability to differentiate between various hues, these impairments limit the brain's capacity to process and interpret specific visual features of the environment that rely on colour contrast.13