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How do scientists predict the properties of superheavy Group 14 element flerovium?

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A color-coded periodic table of the elements displays each element's symbol and atomic number, with categories such as alkali metals, noble gases, halogens, transition metals, and actinoid elements distinguished by different background colors. — carbon group element Modern version of the periodic table of the elements (printable).

Scientists predict the properties of the superheavy element flerovium (element 114) primarily through a combination of computer-based electronic structure calculations and periodic table extrapolation.1

Researchers determine these properties by plotting known values of a specific characteristic for other members of Group 14 against their respective rows in the periodic table. By extending these trends to the seventh row, scientists can estimate physical and chemical traits such as melting point, density, and ionization potential.1

Furthermore, theoretical calculations regarding the energy levels of valence electrons help confirm these predictions. For instance, by analyzing the established trend in Group 14—where elements increasingly favor a +2 oxidation state over a +4 state as atomic number increases—scientists have predicted that flerovium is most stable in the dipositive state. This conclusion is supported by valence bond theory and thermodynamic data, suggesting that flerovium’s chemical behavior may be similar to that of lead.21