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How do rhizomes and stolons help grasses spread vegetatively?
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Grassland
A prairie grassland in Buffalo Gap National Grassland, South Dakota, U.S.
Rhizomes and stolons are specialized horizontal stems that allow grasses to spread vegetatively, a process of asexual reproduction that enables the parent plant to expand its colony and survive unfavorable conditions.12
- Rhizomes: These are horizontal, typically subterranean stems that possess nodes with reduced leaves and adventitious roots on their underside. They function primarily for food storage and vegetative reproduction. By sending up new shoots from their nodes, rhizomes allow grasses to spread and perennate, or survive through seasons like winter or drought. Many grasses, including bamboo and sugarcane, rely on these structures for propagation, which is often achieved through the fragmentation of the rhizome.12
- Stolons: Also known as runners, these are slender, creeping stems that grow horizontally above the soil surface. Like rhizomes, they feature scale leaves and nodes. Stolons facilitate vegetative spread by developing roots and new aerial shoots at these nodes, effectively establishing new plants as they extend across the ground. Many grasses, such as St. Augustine grass, utilize stolons to form mats and colonize new areas.314