How do oil drilling and hunting threaten tundra wildlife?

Human activities, particularly oil drilling and hunting, pose significant threats to the integrity and sustainability of tundra ecosystems and their wildlife.1

Oil Drilling

Oil and gas development has historically caused substantial surface disturbance in tundra regions. When these operations began, the sensitivity of frozen ground to heavy vehicle traffic was not well understood, leading to the inadvertent creation of swampy, uneven terrain that disrupted natural habitats. Furthermore, oil drilling activities contribute to environmental pollution, which threatens the health of native species. The expansion of industrial infrastructure, such as roads and pipelines, places additional stress on tundra plants and animals, potentially compromising the resilience of the entire ecosystem.21

Hunting

Hunting has historically exerted a strong influence on Arctic wildlife, leading to significant population declines in species such as polar bears, walrus, musk oxen, and caribou. Recognizing these dangers, international efforts and national governments have established protective legislation, wildlife refuges, and national parks to help stabilize these populations.2