How do lupus flare-ups differ from lupus remissions?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by a variable clinical course that fluctuates between periods of active disease, known as flares or exacerbations, and periods of relative inactivity, known as remissions.12

• Lupus Flares (Exacerbations): During these periods, the disease is active, and individuals experience a resurgence or worsening of symptoms. Pathologically, this is driven by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes (immune complexes) that deposit in tissues, causing inflammation and injury to organs such as the kidneys, joints, skin, and heart. The presence of specific antinuclear antibodies—particularly those reacting with DNA—is strongly associated with active disease and inflammatory lesions.312
• Lupus Remissions: These are intervals where symptoms are not evident. While a person may be entirely free of clinical symptoms for long periods—sometimes lasting 20 years or more—serologic abnormalities, such as the presence of autoantibodies, often persist indefinitely.12

Treatment during flares focuses on controlling inflammation and protecting vital organs using medications like glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, while preventive care involves avoiding triggers that may stimulate a recurrence of symptoms.12