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How do inherited immunodeficiency disorders differ from acquired immunodeficiency disorders?

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immune system disorder False-color scanning electron micrograph of a T cell infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the agent that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

Inherited and acquired immunodeficiency disorders differ primarily in their origin and the timing of their manifestation.

Inherited Immunodeficiency Disorders

Also known as primary immunodeficiency disorders, these are caused by genetic defects. Because they are rooted in an individual's DNA, they typically manifest early in life. These disorders can impair various components of the immune system, such as the ability of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies or the capacity of phagocytes to digest microbes. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia.123

Acquired Immunodeficiency Disorders

Secondary or acquired immunodeficiency disorders arise later in life due to external factors or disease processes. Common causes include:12
* Infectious agents: Such as HIV, which leads to AIDS by destroying helper T cells.12
* Medical treatments: Immunosuppression resulting from drugs like [glucocorticoids] or surgery.12
* Disease processes: Conditions such as cancer.2

Both types of disorders suppress immune responses, leaving individuals vulnerable to infections, and may require treatments such as immunoglobulin administration or bone marrow transplants.12