How do hormones affect mobbing calls in male birds during the breeding season?

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A fluffy gray cat clings to the trunk of a tree, looking upward as it climbs to escape. — Avoidance behaviour Cat fleeing by upward climbing.

During the breeding season, male hormones—specifically androgens—induce the performance of new mobbing calls in many male passerine birds, such as the chaffinch, as well as in some other birds like the farmyard cock.1

It remains uncertain whether this hormonal influence is specific to the vocalization itself or if the hormones trigger a broader change in the bird's general responsiveness to frightening stimuli. This behavior is a component of avoidance behaviour, which can also be facilitated by the adrenocorticotropic hormone in many animals.1