How do equivalent sound levels measure average noise exposure over time?

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Can bubble curtains protect harbor porpoises from noise pollution? — noise pollution Learn about the impact of underwater noise on marine animals, notably harbour porpoises.

Equivalent sound levels, denoted as $L_{e q}$ , are used in environmental science to express an average sound pressure level over a specific period of interest, such as an eight-hour workday.1

Because noise levels often fluctuate over time, $L_{e q}$ provides a standardized way to report overall exposure. It is important to note that $L_{e q}$ is calculated as a logarithmic average rather than a simple arithmetic average. Due to this logarithmic nature, loud noise events have a greater influence on the final result than quieter periods. This measurement technique ensures that the resulting value accurately reflects the cumulative impact of noise exposure over the chosen duration.1