How do doctors use laparoscopy to diagnose endometriosis?

Doctors use laparoscopy to diagnose endometriosis by visually examining the pelvic organs for the presence of endometrial adhesions or tissue growing in abnormal locations.12

During this minimally invasive procedure, which is typically performed under anesthesia, a small incision is made—often just below the navel—and the abdominal cavity is distended with carbon dioxide gas to provide space for the physician to maneuver. A narrow, lighted tube called a laparoscope is then inserted, allowing the medical team to view the reproductive anatomy and pelvic structures on a monitor.32

If endometrial growths are identified, surgeons may use additional small incisions to insert specialized instruments to excise or destroy the lesions during the same procedure. While laparoscopy is a standard diagnostic tool, it is a surgical intervention; consequently, it is generally reserved for patients with clear symptoms, as researchers continue to explore less-invasive diagnostic methods such as biopsy to detect abnormal nerve fibers.21