How do corticosteroids and NSAIDs reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

In the context of rheumatoid arthritis, both corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to manage symptoms by targeting the inflammatory processes that cause joint pain and disability.12

• NSAIDs: These medications, which include aspirin and ibuprofen, function by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemical mediators that promote inflammation and pain by relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood flow to injured tissues. By blocking their production, NSAIDs effectively reduce the swelling, heat, and pain associated with the disease.13

• Corticosteroids: These are synthetic derivatives of cortisol, such as prednisone. They reduce symptoms through potent anti-inflammatory actions and by suppressing the immune system. Because rheumatoid arthritis involves an autoimmune reaction, corticosteroids help by dampening the immune response that triggers inflammation in the synovial membranes.41

While these drugs provide relief, they do not cure the disease. Corticosteroids, in particular, are often used with caution due to potential side effects, such as increased susceptibility to infection and peptic ulcers.2