How do chondrocytes receive nutrients in cartilage?

Cartilage is an avascular tissue, meaning it lacks its own blood vessels and nerves. Because of this, chondrocytes—the cells responsible for maintaining the cartilaginous matrix—must receive nutrients and gaseous metabolites through diffusion via the aqueous phase of the tissue's gel-like matrix.1234

For articular cartilage specifically, nourishment is provided indirectly by synovial fluid, which is distributed across the surface of the cartilage through the natural movement of the joint. This process highlights the importance of regular physical activity for maintaining joint health. In other areas of the body, chondrocytes receive nutrients via diffusion from surrounding tissues.524