How do bridges and gateways connect computer networks?

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In computer networking, bridges and gateways serve as essential connection points for linking different networks, though they function in distinct ways based on network architecture.1

Bridges: These devices are used to link local area networks (LANs) that share similar architectures. They act as transfer points, allowing data to move efficiently between these compatible systems.1
Gateways: These are used to connect networks that utilize different architectures. A gateway performs the critical function of converting data as it passes between these disparate systems, ensuring that information can be communicated effectively across otherwise incompatible networks.1

By utilizing these components, smaller networks can be integrated into larger structures, such as wide area networks (WANs), ultimately enabling the vast connectivity seen in the Internet.1