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How do bacteria reproduce by fission?
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Most bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission, an asexual method of reproduction that results in two identical daughter cells.123
The process follows these key steps:
- DNA Replication: The bacterium first duplicates its genetic material, typically DNA.24
- Cell Elongation: The cell grows in volume and elongates, ensuring there is enough space and resources for two new cells.12
- Septum Formation: A dividing partition, known as a septum, forms at the midpoint of the cell. This is facilitated by a protein called FtsZ, which forms a ring to guide the cell membrane inward. In gram-positive bacteria, the septum grows inward from the membrane, while in gram-negative bacteria, the side walls pinch inward.21
- Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides on either side of the septum, and the cell wall completes the separation, resulting in two distinct daughter cells.124
Under optimal conditions, this process can occur very rapidly, allowing for exponential population growth.2