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How do anabolism and catabolism differ in the metabolic process?
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Metabolism
Electron micrograph of hepatocyte cells showing mitochondria (yellow). The primary function of mitochondria is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of ATP, which captures chemical energy from the metabolic breakdown of food molecules.
Anabolism and catabolism are opposing yet interconnected processes within metabolism. Anabolism involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input, typically in the form of ATP. This is how cells build components like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Conversely, catabolism breaks down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing chemical energy. This energy release occurs in phases, starting with the digestion of food materials. While catabolism provides the energy needed for anabolism, the pathways for each process are generally distinct and regulated separately within cells.1234