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How do aluminum and vanadium affect titanium alloy phases?

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A periodic table element tile for titanium displays its atomic number 22, symbol Ti, atomic weight 47.867, electron configuration, and name. Icons indicate it is a solid, transition metal with a hexagonal crystal structure and equal relative strength. — titanium Properties of titanium.

In the context of titanium alloys, aluminum and vanadium act as opposing stabilizers for the metal's two primary crystalline phases: the hexagonal close-packed alpha ( $α$ ) phase and the body-centred cubic beta ( $β$ ) phase.1

Aluminum (Al): Acts as an alpha-stabilizing element. It is the most important alloying element for titanium, often added in concentrations up to 8 percent by weight to increase strength without sacrificing ductility.1
Vanadium (V): Acts as a beta-stabilizing element. It helps stabilize the beta phase to lower temperatures and is used to improve the strength and thermal stability of titanium alloys.12

By manipulating these elements, metallurgists can control the microstructural phase distribution of the alloy. Titanium alloys are categorized into four classes—commercially pure, alpha, alpha-beta, and beta—based on the phases present at room temperature, with each class offering different combinations of strength, toughness, and formability.1