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How do X-rays differ from gamma rays?
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X-ray
The relationship of X-rays to other electromagnetic radiation within the electromagnetic spectrum.
X-rays and gamma rays are both forms of high-energy electromagnetic radiation that are indistinguishable in their effects when absorbed by matter. The primary distinction between them is their source of origin.1
- Gamma rays are produced by the disintegration of radioactive atomic nuclei and the decay of certain subatomic particles. They are emitted when an unstable nucleus transitions to a lower-energy state.23
- X-rays are typically produced by the deceleration of energetic electrons (bremsstrahlung) as they strike a metal target in an X-ray tube, or by accelerating electrons to relativistic velocities.4
While there is some overlap in their electromagnetic spectrum regions, gamma rays generally have shorter wavelengths and higher energies than X-rays. Both are forms of ionizing radiation capable of causing significant biochemical changes in living cells, making them useful for medical therapies but also potential health hazards if not managed with appropriate safety standards.234