How do Centaur objects become short-period comets?

Centaur objects are icy bodies, essentially giant comet nuclei, that originate in the Kuiper belt beyond the orbit of Neptune. These objects are gravitationally perturbed inward by Neptune, causing them to enter unstable, chaotic orbits that cross the paths of the giant planets.12

As they travel through the planetary region, Centaurs undergo further gravitational interactions with the giant planets, particularly Jupiter. Through these interactions, some Centaurs are scattered into short-period orbits, effectively becoming short-period comets. This process is a continuous one, as the Centaur population is replenished by new objects arriving from the Kuiper belt. While some Centaurs eventually become short-period comets, others are either ejected from the solar system or collide with the Sun or a planet.312