How do BCL-2 and BCL-XL proteins prevent apoptosis?

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In the context of apoptosis, BCL-2 and BCL-XL are classified as anti-apoptotic, or death-preventing, proteins within the BCL-2 protein family.1

These proteins function as part of a complex regulatory system, primarily located on the membranes of mitochondria, where the decision for a cell to undergo programmed death is determined. BCL-2 and BCL-XL prevent apoptosis by controlling the activity of two pro-apoptotic, or death-initiating, proteins known as Bax and Bak. By regulating these pro-apoptotic factors, BCL-2 and BCL-XL help maintain cellular survival and counteract the signals from BH-3-only proteins, which act as activators or sensitizers of the apoptotic process.1