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How did the word algebra originate from the Arabic term al-jabr?

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Map of the Greco-Roman world highlighting the birthplaces of notable ancient mathematicians, marked with the pi symbol and labeled with their names. Cities such as Athens, Alexandria, Syracuse, and Miletus are shown around the Mediterranean, with modern country boundaries outlined. An inset provides detail for the region of Greece and western Anatolia. — algebra This map spans a millennium of prominent Greco-Roman mathematicians, from Thales of Miletus (c. 600 bce) to Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 400 ce).

The term algebra is derived from the Arabic phrase al-jabr, which appears in the title of the 9th-century treatise Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa’l-muqābala, written by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.123

In this context, al-jabr translates literally to "the reduction" or "restoring," referring to the mathematical process of moving a subtracted term from one side of an equation to the other to "restore" it as a positive value. The full title of the work is often translated as "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing," where al-jabr represents "completion" (or restoration) and al-muqābala represents "balancing".1423

When the book was translated into Latin in the 12th century, the title was rendered as Algebra et Almucabal, and the term algebra eventually entered common usage to describe the branch of mathematics concerned with solving equations.23