How did the printing press contribute to the wider use of Hindu-Arabic numerals?

The introduction of the printing press in the mid-15th century played a pivotal role in the widespread adoption of Hindu-Arabic numerals. By enabling the mass production and distribution of mathematical texts, the printing press helped standardize the use of these symbols across Europe.1

Prior to this, while the numerals had been introduced to Europe in the 12th century through the work of mathematicians like al-Khwarizmi and popularized by Fibonacci’s Liber abaci, their use was initially limited to academic circles and specialized merchant schools. The printing press accelerated the transition from the older Roman numerals by making instructional materials more accessible to a broader audience. Combined with the rise of capitalism in the 16th century, which demanded more efficient bookkeeping and calculation methods, these factors led to Hindu-Arabic numerals largely supplanting Roman numerals by the 17th century.2134