How did red foxes affect Australian marsupials and native rodents?

The introduction of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) to Australia by foxhunters in the 19th century has had a devastating impact on the continent's native fauna. As an invasive species, the red fox has acted as a highly effective predator, contributing significantly to the decline and extinction of various native animals.123

The red fox has been identified as a primary driver in the destruction of small-mammal populations, even in remote areas where human presence is minimal. By preying on native species, foxes have forced many marsupials and rodents into fragmented ranges or to the brink of extinction. Research indicates that in regions where foxes are absent or where their populations are actively managed and controlled, native mammal species have demonstrated better survival rates.31

The ecological damage caused by foxes is compounded by other human-introduced factors, such as habitat clearing, altered fire regimes, and competition from other invasive species like rabbits, which further stress the ecosystems that native marsupials and rodents depend upon for survival.13