How did community water fluoridation begin in Grand Rapids, Michigan?

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A labeled diagram of the periodic table entry for fluorine, showing its atomic number 9, symbol F, atomic weight 18.998, electron configuration, and indicating it is a halogen and a gas at room temperature. — fluorine Properties of fluorine.

The first public water fluoridation program was implemented in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1945.1

This initiative began after researchers observed that populations supplied with water containing naturally higher levels of fluorine compounds experienced a lower incidence of dental caries (cavities). Following these findings, the U.S. began adding fluoride to community water systems in the 1940s to replicate these protective health benefits, particularly for children and disadvantaged populations who might otherwise lack access to dental care.1

Today, water fluoridation programs are recognized as an effective public health measure, with the Centers for Disease Control and other health organizations providing guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy.1