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How did Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer advance recombinant DNA technology in 1973?

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DNA extraction and recombinant DNA technology — recombinant DNA The process of DNA extraction is necessary to isolate molecules of DNA from cells or tissues. A series of steps, including the use of protease enzymes to strip proteins from the DNA, are required for isolating pure DNA that is suitable for use in later procedures, such as cloning or sequencing.

In 1973, Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer pioneered recombinant DNA technology by developing methods to manipulate and propagate genetic material in living organisms.12

Building upon the discovery of type II restriction enzymes—which allow for the precise cleavage of DNA at specific sites—Cohen and Boyer successfully demonstrated the ability to cut DNA into fragments and rejoin them to form new combinations. They advanced the field by inserting these recombinant DNA molecules into E. coli bacteria. Once inside the host bacteria, the recombinant DNA was able to replicate, effectively creating many copies of the new genetic material as the bacteria reproduced.12

This breakthrough established the foundation for modern genetic engineering, enabling the subsequent development of techniques for generating recombinant plasmids and the eventual commercialization of these technologies.1