How did Newton’s physics predict that Earth would bulge slightly at the Equator?

Newton’s physics predicted that Earth would bulge at the Equator by analyzing the balance between the gravitational attraction of Earth’s mass and the centrifugal forces generated by the planet's rotation on its axis.12

As Earth spins, it creates a centrifugal effect that is strongest at the Equator and nonexistent at the poles. This outward-acting pseudoforce counteracts gravity, causing the planet to take on an oblate spheroid shape rather than a perfect sphere. Newton demonstrated that this equatorial bulge is a direct consequence of these competing forces. He further utilized this nonspherical shape to explain the precession of the equinoxes, showing how the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon on the equatorial bulge affects Earth's axis of rotation. The confirmation of this prediction by 18th-century expeditions was a pivotal moment that helped establish the validity of Newtonian physics over competing theories.2314