How did Nehemiah Grew and Marcello Malpighi contribute to plant anatomy?

Nehemiah Grew and Marcello Malpighi are recognized as the founders of plant anatomy. In 1671, they simultaneously communicated their microscopic research to the Royal Society of London, marking a pivotal shift toward laboratory-based botanical study.12

Nehemiah Grew
Grew’s work, particularly The Anatomy of Vegetables Begun (1672) and The Anatomy of Plants (1682), provided detailed microscopic observations of plant tissues. He is credited with:1
* Identifying the existence of cells and coining terms such as parenchyma for unspecialized cells.1
* Establishing botanical terminology, including radicle for the embryonic root and plumule for the primary bud.1
* Proposing, with the help of Sir Thomas Millington, that stamens and pistils function as the male and female sex organs of plants.1

Marcello Malpighi
A pioneer in microscopic anatomy, Malpighi applied his expertise to plants between 1675 and 1679. His contributions included:34
* Systematically describing plant structures such as bark, stems, roots, and seeds.4
* Investigating processes like germination and gall formation.4
* Observing an analogy between plant and animal organization, which helped establish histology as a scientific discipline.34