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How could genome editing make a living species resemble an extinct relative?
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de-extinction
The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)—represented here by a replica in a Canadian museum—is an example of an extinct species that someday could be resurrected through de-extinction.
In the context of de-extinction, genome editing allows scientists to modify the DNA of a living species to resemble an extinct relative by leveraging reconstructed genetic sequences.1
The process typically involves the following steps:
- Sequence Reconstruction: Researchers infer and reconstruct the genetic sequences of an extinct species using DNA isolated from preserved specimens, such as bones or hair.1
- Comparative Analysis: These reconstructed sequences are compared against the genomes of extant, closely related species to identify specific genes that serve as candidates for editing.1
- Targeted Modification: Using precise tools like CRISPR, scientists can add, remove, or replace specific segments of DNA within the genome of a living organism. By introducing these targeted changes, researchers aim to alter the organism's traits to better match those of the extinct ancestor.12
While this technology offers a pathway to potentially resurrect traits of lost species, it is important to note that the resulting organisms may still diverge from the original genetic constitution of the extinct species. Furthermore, the application of these powerful technologies raises significant ethical concerns regarding the alteration of natural history and the potential impact on biodiversity.1