How common is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children worldwide?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to occur in approximately 5 to 7 percent of children worldwide.1

While the behavioral characteristics associated with the syndrome are observed across all cultures, the rates of diagnosis vary significantly by region due to differing medical perspectives and diagnostic criteria. For example, in the United States, where the condition is among the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorders, estimates indicate that 6 to 11 percent of children and adolescents are affected. In contrast, in countries such as Great Britain and France, only about 1 percent of children are diagnosed with "hyperkinetic disorder," which is the closest equivalent to ADHD under the World Health Organization’s diagnostic system.12

It is important to note that ADHD is three times more common in males than in females. Regardless of diagnostic prevalence, it is essential to approach all children with empathy and support, ensuring they receive the necessary resources to thrive in their learning and social environments.1