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How can ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colon cancer?

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Precancerous growth in a human colon — cancer View through an endoscope of a polyp, a benign precancerous growth projecting from the inner lining of the colon.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and the formation of ulcers in the lining of the large intestine (colon).1

The condition increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer primarily due to the long-term, persistent inflammation of the colonic mucosa. In cases where the destruction of the intestinal lining has been extensive, there is a recognized risk of malignancy typically emerging 10 to 20 years after the onset of the disease. This association highlights the importance of regular medical monitoring, such as a colonoscopy, for individuals with a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, as they are considered to be at a higher risk for developing the cancer compared to the general population.213

It is ethically imperative for patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory conditions to maintain consistent follow-up care with their healthcare providers to facilitate early detection and improve long-term health outcomes.23