How can rheumatoid arthritis damage cartilage and limit joint movement?

In rheumatoid arthritis, damage to cartilage and the limitation of joint movement occur through a progressive inflammatory process:

• Synovial Inflammation: The disease begins with inflammation and thickening of the synovial membranes, which are the tissues responsible for lubricating the joints.1
• Pannus Formation: This chronic inflammation leads to the development of a layer of roughened, scarlike granulation tissue known as pannus. This tissue protrudes over the surface of the articular cartilage.1
• Cartilage Destruction: As the pannus grows, it erodes and destroys the underlying cartilage, causing irreversible damage to the joint structure.1
• Loss of Mobility: The hardened pannus can cause the joints to become fixed in place, a condition known as ankylosis. This fusion of the articulating members, combined with potential joint displacement and deformity, results in a significant loss of mobility and function.12