How can nematode feeding make plants more susceptible to fungal and bacterial infections?

Nematode feeding increases a plant's susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infections primarily by compromising the plant's physical and physiological defenses.

When a nematode feeds, it uses a hollow, needlelike mouthpart called a stylet to puncture plant cells and inject digestive enzymes. This process creates wounds and entry points in the plant tissue, which provide an easy pathway for wilt-producing or root rot-producing fungi and bacteria to colonize the plant.1

Beyond creating physical openings, nematode feeding also lowers the plant's natural resistance and reduces its overall vigor. By damaging the root system—often causing it to become stubby, discolored, or decayed—the infestation weakens the plant's ability to maintain health, making it more vulnerable to secondary infections and environmental stressors.1