How can music affect cortisol levels and the nervous system?

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musical sound The universality and innate nature of music, and the pentatonic scale, as demonstrated by singer Bobby McFerrin.

Music influences the human body by transforming sound waves into complex neural signals that engage multiple regions of the brain. This process involves the conversion of vibrations into electrical impulses that travel through the auditory system to higher-order cognitive networks, which manage emotional and physical responses.1

Regarding stress regulation, engaging with music—whether by listening to or playing it—has a measurable impact on the body's chemistry and physiological state:

Cortisol Reduction: Listening to music, particularly preferred genres or favorite songs, can effectively lower levels of cortisol, the body's primary stress hormone.1
Nervous System Regulation: These musical activities help calm the nervous system, which may facilitate a faster recovery from stressful experiences.1

By stimulating neural pathways associated with pleasure and motivation, such as the release of dopamine, music serves as a powerful tool for modulating the body's stress response and promoting emotional well-being.1