How can mumps-related orchitis affect sperm production?

Mumps-related orchitis is a viral inflammation of the testes that can impair spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production. While this condition typically affects only one testis and usually resolves without permanent damage, it can lead to hypogonadism if testicular function is significantly decreased.

In rare instances where the infection involves both testes, the resulting inflammation may cause testicular atrophy, which can lead to infertility or sterility. Because mumps-related orchitis is a form of primary testicular disease, it can reduce a man's sperm count. Unlike cases of hypothalamic or pituitary disease, where sperm production may sometimes be stimulated by hormonal treatments, sperm count generally cannot be increased in men with testicular disease caused by mumps. In such cases, medical professionals may sometimes attempt to obtain viable sperm for in vitro fertilization through surgical aspiration from the testes.123