How can loss of sensation lead to Charcot joints?

Neurogenic arthropathy, commonly known as a Charcot joint, is a severe degenerative condition that arises when the sensory mechanisms of a joint are impaired due to nervous system damage.21

The loss of sensation—specifically the loss of pain perception and the sense of joint position—prevents an individual from recognizing or responding to minor injuries or excessive strain. Because the body lacks the necessary feedback to limit motion or protect the joint, it becomes subject to repeated, unnoticed trauma. This leads to the tearing of supporting tissues and rapid, extreme disintegration of the joint structure.21

Essentially, the joint is destroyed because the protective reflexes that normally prevent overexertion are absent. This condition is frequently associated with diabetes, tabes dorsalis, syringomyelia, leprosy, or spinal cord injury. Treatment focuses on preventing further damage through immobilization and the restriction of weight-bearing activities.12