How can hypnosis and psychotherapy alter a person's perception of pain?

Hypnosis and psychotherapy can alter a person's perception of pain by addressing the psychological components that influence how the brain processes and reacts to physical sensations. While the precise mechanisms are not fully understood, researchers believe these interventions may stimulate the expectation of relief, which is associated with the release of dopamine in the brain's ventral striatum.12

This process is similar to the placebo effect, where the anticipation of pain relief leads to a reported reduction in discomfort. Because pain is a fusion of physical sensation and a cognitive-emotional reaction, these therapies help manage the psychological distress—such as anxiety and hopelessness—that often compounds chronic pain. By identifying and addressing the emotions associated with pain, patients can better manage their condition, sometimes reducing the need for medication.12

These approaches are often part of a multidisciplinary strategy for chronic pain, which may also include cognitive behavioral therapy to help patients navigate the complex interplay between their mental state and their physical experience.1